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[title] => Biden i četvorica živućih američkih predsjednika, 11 guvernera i 100 članova kongresa potomci su robovlasnika
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Veliko i zanimljivo istraživanje poduzeo je Reuters - istražili su koliko među članovima američke političke elite ima izravnih potomaka nekadašnjih robovlasnika.
Tražeći odgovor na to pitanje, Reuters je ispitao obiteljsko podrijetlo više od 600 vodećih dužnosnika u zemlji, a rezultati te istrage, kakva "nikad prije nije provedena", čine prvi od više dijelova posebnog izvješća pod nazivom "Slavery‘s Descendants". Pokazalo se da su petina nacionalnih zakonodavaca, živućih predsjednika, sudaca Vrhovnog suda i guvernera izravni potomci predaka koji su porobili crnce. Među 536 članova 117. saziva Kongresa (aktualnog do siječnja ove godine), Reuters je utvrdio da njih najmanje 100, podjednako republikanaca i demokrata, potječe od robovlasnika.
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Također, aktualni predsjednik Joe Biden, kao i svaki živući bivši predsjednik SAD-a - osim Donalda Trumpa - izravni su potomci robovlasnika: Jimmy Carter, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton te, preko svoje majke bjelkinje - Barack Obama. Trumpovi preci došli su u Ameriku nakon što je ukinuto ropstvo.
Opisujući kako je istraživanje rađeno, iz Reutersa navode kako su uzeli u obzir samo dokaze o robovlasništvu nakon osnutka SAD-a. Svoje istraživanje ograničili su, zatim, na izravne potomke u današnjoj eliti, umjesto da slažu rasprostranjena obiteljska stabla koja uključuju i njihove daleke rođake.
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Obiman posao uključio je puno istrage, čitanja dokumenata starijih od stotinu godina, uspoređivanja i višestrukog provjeravanja podataka što je radio tim Reutersovih novinara istražitelja, ali i certificirani genealozi koje je Reuters angažirao.
Identificirali su, na koncu, 118 ljudi čiji preci imaju veze s robovlasništvom: 100 članova 117. kongresa, 11 guvernera, pet predsjednika te dvoje od devet sudaca Vrhovnog suda.
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S obzirom na to koliko je temeljito rađen ovaj projekt (u mnogim je slučajevima Reuters identificirao pretke za koje su postojali čvrsti dokazi da bili robovlasnici, ali uz nedovoljno temeljne dokumentacije da bi bili sigurni, pa to stoga nisu uzimali u konačni zbir) postoji vjerojatnost, što potvrđuju i stručnjaci, da je pripadnika današnje političke elite čiji su preci bili robovlasnici zapravo puno više od 118.
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Svakoj osobi čiji su preci povezani s robovlasništvom Reuters je uputio pismo u kojemu je opisan projekt te priložena kopija obiteljskog stabla koje su izradili i prateća dokumentacije (oporuke, popisi itd.) Svatko od njih pismo je dobio do 1. svibnja; ostavljeno im je više od mjesec dana da pregledaju, komentiraju ili ospore nalaze novinara, no dosad to nitko nije učinio.
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Veliko i zanimljivo istraživanje poduzeo je Reuters - istražili su koliko među članovima američke političke elite ima izravnih potomaka nekadašnjih robovlasnika.
Tražeći odgovor na to pitanje, Reuters je ispitao obiteljsko podrijetlo više od 600 vodećih dužnosnika u zemlji, a rezultati te istrage, kakva "nikad prije nije provedena", čine prvi od više dijelova posebnog izvješća pod nazivom "Slavery‘s Descendants". Pokazalo se da su petina nacionalnih zakonodavaca, živućih predsjednika, sudaca Vrhovnog suda i guvernera izravni potomci predaka koji su porobili crnce. Među 536 članova 117. saziva Kongresa (aktualnog do siječnja ove godine), Reuters je utvrdio da njih najmanje 100, podjednako republikanaca i demokrata, potječe od robovlasnika.
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Također, aktualni predsjednik Joe Biden, kao i svaki živući bivši predsjednik SAD-a - osim Donalda Trumpa - izravni su potomci robovlasnika: Jimmy Carter, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton te, preko svoje majke bjelkinje - Barack Obama. Trumpovi preci došli su u Ameriku nakon što je ukinuto ropstvo.
Opisujući kako je istraživanje rađeno, iz Reutersa navode kako su uzeli u obzir samo dokaze o robovlasništvu nakon osnutka SAD-a. Svoje istraživanje ograničili su, zatim, na izravne potomke u današnjoj eliti, umjesto da slažu rasprostranjena obiteljska stabla koja uključuju i njihove daleke rođake.
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Obiman posao uključio je puno istrage, čitanja dokumenata starijih od stotinu godina, uspoređivanja i višestrukog provjeravanja podataka što je radio tim Reutersovih novinara istražitelja, ali i certificirani genealozi koje je Reuters angažirao.
Identificirali su, na koncu, 118 ljudi čiji preci imaju veze s robovlasništvom: 100 članova 117. kongresa, 11 guvernera, pet predsjednika te dvoje od devet sudaca Vrhovnog suda.
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S obzirom na to koliko je temeljito rađen ovaj projekt (u mnogim je slučajevima Reuters identificirao pretke za koje su postojali čvrsti dokazi da bili robovlasnici, ali uz nedovoljno temeljne dokumentacije da bi bili sigurni, pa to stoga nisu uzimali u konačni zbir) postoji vjerojatnost, što potvrđuju i stručnjaci, da je pripadnika današnje političke elite čiji su preci bili robovlasnici zapravo puno više od 118.
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Svakoj osobi čiji su preci povezani s robovlasništvom Reuters je uputio pismo u kojemu je opisan projekt te priložena kopija obiteljskog stabla koje su izradili i prateća dokumentacije (oporuke, popisi itd.) Svatko od njih pismo je dobio do 1. svibnja; ostavljeno im je više od mjesec dana da pregledaju, komentiraju ili ospore nalaze novinara, no dosad to nitko nije učinio.
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)
[10] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 69
[name] => Exclude comments
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 11
[alias] => exclude_comments
)
[11] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 70
[name] => Open link in new window
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 12
[alias] => open_link_in_new_window
)
[12] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 71
[name] => Horizontal crop of the main photo
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 13
[alias] => horizontal_crop_of_the_main_photo
)
[13] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 73
[name] => No-index
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 15
[alias] => no_index
)
[14] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 74
[name] => No-cache
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 16
[alias] => no_cache
)
[15] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 77
[name] => Don't show on the front page
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 17
[alias] => dont_show_on_the_front_page
)
[16] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 78
[name] => Related on bottom
[value] => ON
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 18
[alias] => related_on_bottom
)
[17] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 79
[name] => Live button
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 19
[alias] => live_button
)
[26] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 87
[name] => Instant articles
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 28
[alias] => instant_articles
)
[27] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 91
[name] => S preporučuje
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 29
[alias] => s_preporucuje
)
[28] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 92
[name] => S voli
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 30
[alias] => s_voli
)
[29] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 93
[name] => Layout with three photos
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 31
[alias] => layout_with_three_photos
)
[30] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 94
[name] => Gallery in the article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 32
[alias] => gallery_in_the_article
)
[31] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 95
[name] => Required views
[value] => 0
[type] => textfield
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 33
[alias] => required_views
)
[32] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 96
[name] => FullHD image
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 34
[alias] => fullhd_image
)
[33] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 97
[name] => City Select
[value] => (0)
[type] => select
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 35
[alias] => CitySelect
)
[34] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 98
[name] => Paid Article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 36
[alias] => paid_article
)
[35] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 99
[name] => SD na licu mjesta
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 37
[alias] => SD_na_licu_mjesta
)
)
14. svibanj 2024 18:58
