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[title] => Američki znanstvenici: Omikron je možda preuzeo djelić gena virusa prehlade, zato bi mogao izgledati ‘ljudskiji‘. Evo što bi to značilo za zaražene
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Varijanta koronavirusa omikron, koja uzrokuje covid-19, moguće je dobila barem jednu od svojih mutacija pokupivši isječak genetskog materijala drugog virusa - vjerojatno onog koji uzrokuje prehladu - prisutnog istodobno u zaraženim stanicama, prema američkim znanstvenicima.
Taj genetski slijed ne pojavljuje se ni u jednoj ranijoj verziji koronavirusa, nazvanog SARS-CoV-2, ali je sveprisutan u mnogim drugim virusima, uključujući one koji uzrokuju prehladu, a također i u ljudskom genomu, rekli su znanstvenici.
Uklapanjem toga isječka u vlastitu strukturu omikron bi mogao izgledati "ljudskiji", što bi mu pomoglo da izbjegne napad ljudskog imunog sustava, rekao je Venky Soundararajan iz tvrtke u Cambridgeu za analizu podataka.
Rezultati njegove studije objavljeni su na web stranici OSF Preprints.
To bi moglo značiti da se virus lakše prenosi, a da uzrokuje samo blagu ili asimptomatsku bolest.
Znanstvenici još ne znaju je li omikron zarazniji od ostalih varijanti, uzrokuje li težu bolest i hoće li potisnuti deltu kao najrašireniju varijantu.
Može proći nekoliko tjedana do odgovora na ta pitanja.
Prema ranijim studijama, stanice u plućima i u gastrointestinalnom sustavu mogu istovremeno 'udomiti' virus SARS-CoV-2 i viruse obične prehlade.
Takva istodobna infekcija stvara uvjete za virusnu rekombinaciju, proces u kojem se dva različita virusa u istoj stanici-domaćinu u međusobnoj interakciji kopiraju, stvarajući nove kopije koje imaju genetski materijal od oba "roditelja".
Ta nova mutacija mogla se prvi put dogoditi kod osobe zaražene s oba patogena kada je varijanta virusa SARS-CoV-2 'pokupila' genetski slijed drugog virusa, rekli su Soundararajan i suradnici u studiji, koja još nije recenzirana.
Isti genetski slijed pojavljuje se mnogo puta u jednom od koronavirusa koji uzrokuje prehladu kod ljudi - poznatom kao HCoV-229E - i u virusu ljudske imunodeficijencije (HIV) koji uzrokuje AIDS, rekao je Soundararajan.
Južna Afrika, gdje je omikron prvi put identificiran, ima najveću stopu HIV-a na svijetu, koji slabi imuni sustav i povećava osjetljivost osobe na infekcije virusima prehlade i drugim patogenima.
U tom dijelu svijeta postoji mnogo ljudi kod kojih se mogla dogoditi rekombinacija koja je unijela taj sveprisutni skup gena u omikron, rekao je Soundararajan.
"Vjerojatno smo previdjeli mnoge rekombinacije" koje su se dogodile tijekom vremena i koje su dovele do pojave omikrona, dodao je Soundararajan.
Potrebno je više istraživanja kako bi se potvrdilo podrijetlo omikronovih mutacija i njihov učinak na funkciju i prijenos virusa.
Postoje i druge hipoteze da je najnovija varijanta omikron možda provela neko vrijeme razvijajući se u životinji-domaćinu.
U međuvremenu, rekao je Soundararajan, nova otkrića naglašavaju važnost toga da ljudi dobiju trenutno dostupna cjepiva protiv koronavirusa.
"Morate se cijepiti kako biste smanjili izglede da se drugi ljudi, koji su imunokompromitirani, susretnu s virusom SARS-CoV-2", rekao je Soundararajan.
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Varijanta koronavirusa omikron, koja uzrokuje covid-19, moguće je dobila barem jednu od svojih mutacija pokupivši isječak genetskog materijala drugog virusa - vjerojatno onog koji uzrokuje prehladu - prisutnog istodobno u zaraženim stanicama, prema američkim znanstvenicima.
Taj genetski slijed ne pojavljuje se ni u jednoj ranijoj verziji koronavirusa, nazvanog SARS-CoV-2, ali je sveprisutan u mnogim drugim virusima, uključujući one koji uzrokuju prehladu, a također i u ljudskom genomu, rekli su znanstvenici.
Uklapanjem toga isječka u vlastitu strukturu omikron bi mogao izgledati "ljudskiji", što bi mu pomoglo da izbjegne napad ljudskog imunog sustava, rekao je Venky Soundararajan iz tvrtke u Cambridgeu za analizu podataka.
Rezultati njegove studije objavljeni su na web stranici OSF Preprints.
To bi moglo značiti da se virus lakše prenosi, a da uzrokuje samo blagu ili asimptomatsku bolest.
Znanstvenici još ne znaju je li omikron zarazniji od ostalih varijanti, uzrokuje li težu bolest i hoće li potisnuti deltu kao najrašireniju varijantu.
Može proći nekoliko tjedana do odgovora na ta pitanja.
Prema ranijim studijama, stanice u plućima i u gastrointestinalnom sustavu mogu istovremeno 'udomiti' virus SARS-CoV-2 i viruse obične prehlade.
Takva istodobna infekcija stvara uvjete za virusnu rekombinaciju, proces u kojem se dva različita virusa u istoj stanici-domaćinu u međusobnoj interakciji kopiraju, stvarajući nove kopije koje imaju genetski materijal od oba "roditelja".
Ta nova mutacija mogla se prvi put dogoditi kod osobe zaražene s oba patogena kada je varijanta virusa SARS-CoV-2 'pokupila' genetski slijed drugog virusa, rekli su Soundararajan i suradnici u studiji, koja još nije recenzirana.
Isti genetski slijed pojavljuje se mnogo puta u jednom od koronavirusa koji uzrokuje prehladu kod ljudi - poznatom kao HCoV-229E - i u virusu ljudske imunodeficijencije (HIV) koji uzrokuje AIDS, rekao je Soundararajan.
Južna Afrika, gdje je omikron prvi put identificiran, ima najveću stopu HIV-a na svijetu, koji slabi imuni sustav i povećava osjetljivost osobe na infekcije virusima prehlade i drugim patogenima.
U tom dijelu svijeta postoji mnogo ljudi kod kojih se mogla dogoditi rekombinacija koja je unijela taj sveprisutni skup gena u omikron, rekao je Soundararajan.
"Vjerojatno smo previdjeli mnoge rekombinacije" koje su se dogodile tijekom vremena i koje su dovele do pojave omikrona, dodao je Soundararajan.
Potrebno je više istraživanja kako bi se potvrdilo podrijetlo omikronovih mutacija i njihov učinak na funkciju i prijenos virusa.
Postoje i druge hipoteze da je najnovija varijanta omikron možda provela neko vrijeme razvijajući se u životinji-domaćinu.
U međuvremenu, rekao je Soundararajan, nova otkrića naglašavaju važnost toga da ljudi dobiju trenutno dostupna cjepiva protiv koronavirusa.
"Morate se cijepiti kako biste smanjili izglede da se drugi ljudi, koji su imunokompromitirani, susretnu s virusom SARS-CoV-2", rekao je Soundararajan.
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21. svibanj 2024 11:24
