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[title] => Novo istraživanje otkrilo potencijalni problem astronauta u slučajevima dalekih svemirskim misija
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Sljedeći "golemi korak" za ljudsku vrstu moglo bi biti putovanje na Mars, no u takvoj bi misiji problem mogla predstavljati (ne)dostatna količina crvenih krvnih stanica (eritrocita) važna za prijenos kisika u krvi, pokazalo je novo kanadsko istraživanje.
Čak bi i svemirski turisti koji čekaju na svoja kratka putovanja možda morali ostati kod kuće ako se pokaže da im prijete anemija ili manjak crvenih krvnih stanica, rekli su istraživači.
Otprije se zna da astronauti doživljavaju "svemirsku anemiju", no dosad se vjerovalo da je ona privremena. U jednoj NASA-inoj studiji ona je nazvana "bolešću od 15 dana".
Liječnici je pripisuju razgradnji crvenih krvnih stanica, odnosno hemolizi, koja nastaje kao posljedica protoka fluida dok se tijela astronauta prilagođavaju bestežinskom stanju i ponovno, kad se pri povratku iz svemira prilagođavaju gravitaciji.
Zapravo, anemija je "primarni učinak odlaska u svemir", rekao je dr. Guy Trudel sa Sveučilišta Ottawa. On je vodio studiju o 14 astronauta koju je financirala Kanadska svemirska agencija.
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"Dok god su astronauti u svemiru, u njihovu se organizmu više krvnih stanica razgrađuje nego što ih se stvara", objasnio je.
U uobičajenim okolnostima organizam u sekundi razgradi i zamijeni gotovo dva milijuna eritrocita. Trudelov tim je otkrio je da se, tijekom šestomjesečnih misija astronauta u njihovu organizmu u jednoj sekundi ragradi tri milijuna crvenih krvnih stanica.
“Mislili smo da znamo sve o svemirskoj anemiji, no nije tako", kazao je znanstvenik.
Pojasnio je da su se u organizmu astronauta proizvodili dodatni eritrociti kako bi nadoknadili one razgrađene.
No Trudel se pita koliko dugo tijelo može kontinuirano proizvoditi 50 posto više eritrocita. To je važno znati jer bi povratna misija na Mars, po NASA-inoj procjeni trajala dvije godine.
"Ako ste kandidat za put na Mars, a vaš organizam ne uspijeva pratiti potrebu za proizvodnjom svih onih dodatnih crvenih krvnih stanica, mogli biste se naći u ozbiljnoj nevolji", upozorio je.
Manja količina eritrocita u svemiru ne predstavlja problem kada je vaše tijelo u bestežinskom stanju, no nakon slijetanja na Zemlju, a potencijalno i na druge planete, anemija bi mogla utjecati na izdržljivost, energiju i snagu astronauta.
Ni godinu dana nakon povratka na Zemlju, količina eritrocita kod astronauta nije se u potpunosti vratila na razinu koju su imali prije leta, podaci su koje su Trudel i njegovi kolege objavili u stručnome časopisu Nature Medicine.
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Kanadski se stručnjaci istodobno bave i proučavanjem posljedica s kojima se suočavaju nepokretni pacijenti koji su često tjednima ili mjesecima prikovani za krevet.
Nova otkrića potvrđuju ono što je Trudel već utvrdio među svojim pacijentima, što ukazuje na to da se problem s eritrocitima, koji pogađa astronaute u svemiru vjerojatno događa i kod nepokretnih pacijenata.
“U ovom bismo slučaju isto rješenje mogli primijeniti u oba slučaja", smatra Trudel, a s njim se slaže i Sulekha Anand, koja se bavi humanom fiziologijom na Državnom sveučilištu San Jose i nije sudjelovala u studiji.
Rezultati ovog istraživanja pomažu nam u shvaćanju fizioloških posljedica s kojima se susreću astronauti na svemirskim letovima te nam omogućuju da ih povežemo s anemijom u pacijenata na Zemlji, rekla je znanstvenica, dodavši da Trudelov tim nastavlja raditi na rješenju problema koje će koristiti i onima u svemiru i onima na Zemlji.
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Sljedeći "golemi korak" za ljudsku vrstu moglo bi biti putovanje na Mars, no u takvoj bi misiji problem mogla predstavljati (ne)dostatna količina crvenih krvnih stanica (eritrocita) važna za prijenos kisika u krvi, pokazalo je novo kanadsko istraživanje.
Čak bi i svemirski turisti koji čekaju na svoja kratka putovanja možda morali ostati kod kuće ako se pokaže da im prijete anemija ili manjak crvenih krvnih stanica, rekli su istraživači.
Otprije se zna da astronauti doživljavaju "svemirsku anemiju", no dosad se vjerovalo da je ona privremena. U jednoj NASA-inoj studiji ona je nazvana "bolešću od 15 dana".
Liječnici je pripisuju razgradnji crvenih krvnih stanica, odnosno hemolizi, koja nastaje kao posljedica protoka fluida dok se tijela astronauta prilagođavaju bestežinskom stanju i ponovno, kad se pri povratku iz svemira prilagođavaju gravitaciji.
Zapravo, anemija je "primarni učinak odlaska u svemir", rekao je dr. Guy Trudel sa Sveučilišta Ottawa. On je vodio studiju o 14 astronauta koju je financirala Kanadska svemirska agencija.
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"Dok god su astronauti u svemiru, u njihovu se organizmu više krvnih stanica razgrađuje nego što ih se stvara", objasnio je.
U uobičajenim okolnostima organizam u sekundi razgradi i zamijeni gotovo dva milijuna eritrocita. Trudelov tim je otkrio je da se, tijekom šestomjesečnih misija astronauta u njihovu organizmu u jednoj sekundi ragradi tri milijuna crvenih krvnih stanica.
“Mislili smo da znamo sve o svemirskoj anemiji, no nije tako", kazao je znanstvenik.
Pojasnio je da su se u organizmu astronauta proizvodili dodatni eritrociti kako bi nadoknadili one razgrađene.
No Trudel se pita koliko dugo tijelo može kontinuirano proizvoditi 50 posto više eritrocita. To je važno znati jer bi povratna misija na Mars, po NASA-inoj procjeni trajala dvije godine.
"Ako ste kandidat za put na Mars, a vaš organizam ne uspijeva pratiti potrebu za proizvodnjom svih onih dodatnih crvenih krvnih stanica, mogli biste se naći u ozbiljnoj nevolji", upozorio je.
Manja količina eritrocita u svemiru ne predstavlja problem kada je vaše tijelo u bestežinskom stanju, no nakon slijetanja na Zemlju, a potencijalno i na druge planete, anemija bi mogla utjecati na izdržljivost, energiju i snagu astronauta.
Ni godinu dana nakon povratka na Zemlju, količina eritrocita kod astronauta nije se u potpunosti vratila na razinu koju su imali prije leta, podaci su koje su Trudel i njegovi kolege objavili u stručnome časopisu Nature Medicine.
---
---
Kanadski se stručnjaci istodobno bave i proučavanjem posljedica s kojima se suočavaju nepokretni pacijenti koji su često tjednima ili mjesecima prikovani za krevet.
Nova otkrića potvrđuju ono što je Trudel već utvrdio među svojim pacijentima, što ukazuje na to da se problem s eritrocitima, koji pogađa astronaute u svemiru vjerojatno događa i kod nepokretnih pacijenata.
“U ovom bismo slučaju isto rješenje mogli primijeniti u oba slučaja", smatra Trudel, a s njim se slaže i Sulekha Anand, koja se bavi humanom fiziologijom na Državnom sveučilištu San Jose i nije sudjelovala u studiji.
Rezultati ovog istraživanja pomažu nam u shvaćanju fizioloških posljedica s kojima se susreću astronauti na svemirskim letovima te nam omogućuju da ih povežemo s anemijom u pacijenata na Zemlji, rekla je znanstvenica, dodavši da Trudelov tim nastavlja raditi na rješenju problema koje će koristiti i onima u svemiru i onima na Zemlji.
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19. svibanj 2024 20:51
