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[title] => Što ćemo jesti 2050.? Stručnjaci sastavili popis slabo poznatih biljaka koje bi nas mogle spasiti od gladi
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Znanstvenici su sastavili popis slabo poznatih biljaka koje bi se mogle naći na jelovniku do 2050. godine, piše Jutarnji list.
Kako navodi BBC, u budućnosti biste mogli doručkovati lažnu bananu ili grickati voće pandanusa. Jasno, ovu temu je potencirao rat u Ukrajini koji je ukazao na opasnost oslanjanja na nekoliko usjeva kojima se globalno trguje. Naime, čak 90 posto naših kalorija dolazi od 15 usjeva, pa stručnjaci iz Kraljevskog botaničkog vrta u Kewu traže sastojke koji će osigurati budućnost naše prehrane. Pored toga klimatske promjene povećavaju rizik od ozbiljnih "potresa u vezi s hranom" gdje usjevi propadaju, a cijene osnovnih namirnica brzo rastu diljem svijeta.
"Diverzifikacija hrane koju jedemo jedno je od rješenja za ublažavanje gladi, rješavanje problema gubitka biološke raznolikosti i pomoć pri prilagodbi na klimatske promjene. Znamo da diljem svijeta postoje tisuće jestivih biljnih vrsta koje konzumiraju različite populacije i tu možemo pronaći neka od rješenja za ove globalne izazove budućnosti." kaže glavni istraživač na ovom projektu dr. Sam Pirinon. Zanimljiva je činjenica, ističe BBC, da na svijetu ima više od 7000 jestivih biljaka, no tek ih se 417 naširoko uzgaja i koristi za hranu.
A koja je to hrana na koju se po mišljenju stručnjaka u budućnosti možemo osloniti?
* Pandanus
Pandanus (Pandanus tectorius) je malo stablo koje raste u obalnim područjima od otočja Pacifika do Filipina. Listovi se koriste za aromatiziranje slatkih i slanih jela u velikom dijelu jugoistočne Azije, dok se voće nalik ananasu može jesti sirovo ili kuhano.
"Stablo može podnijeti zahtjevne uvjete, uključujući sušu i jake vjetrove. Bilo bi sjajno proširiti naš portfelj namirnica kako bismo uključili hranu koja je kulturološki prikladna, hranjiva i koja se može uzgajati u zahtjevnim uvjetima diljem svijeta. A ova je biljka otporna na klimu i hranjiva koja je i ukusna", ističe istraživačica u Kewu, dr. Marybel Soto Gomez. Ako se pandanus, navodi dr. Gomez, može koristiti održivo, bez iscrpljivanja resursa za lokalno stanovništvo, trebali bismo ga uzgajati više.
* Mahunarke
Grah ili mahunarke, još su jedna "hrana budućnosti". Jeftina je, bogata bjelančevinama i B-vitaminima, a prilagođena je za uzgoj vrlo različitim klimama i okruženjima od oceanskih obala do planinskih padina. U svijetu postoji čak 20 tisuća vrsta mahunarki, ali mi koristimo tek nekolicinu. Smatra se da ih u divljini ima na stotine, no znanstvenicima još nisu poznate Ili su slabo raširene. Morama grah (Tylosema esculentum) primjerice, glavna je namirnica u dijelovima Bocvane, Namibije i Južne Afrike, gdje se grah kuha s kukuruzom ili melje u prah kako bi se napravila kaša ili piće nalik kakau. Nisu sve mahunarke jestive, ali stručnjaci istražuju svojstva različitih vrsta kako bi vidjeli koje bi ljudima ipak mogle pružiti hranjive tvari.
* Divlje žitarice
Žitarice, koje spadaju u porodicu trava, također imaju veliku raznolikost. S više od 10 tisuća vrsta koliko ih postoji na svijetu, nude puno potencijala za hranu budućnosti. Fonio (Digitaria exilis) je hranjiva afrička žitarica koja se koristi za pripremu kus-kusa, kaša i pića. Najviše se koristi u zapadnoj Africi, može podnijeti suhe uvjete, a bogata je željezom, kalcijem i vitaminima.
* Lažna banana
Enset ili "lažna banana" bliski je srodnik banane, a se konzumira samo u jednom dijelu Etiopije. Plod biljke nalik banani je nejestiv, ali škrobne stabljike i korijenje mogu se fermentirati i koristiti za pripremu kaše i kruha. Studije sugeriraju da usjev nalik banani ima potencijal prehraniti više od 100 milijuna ljudi, piše Jutarnji list.
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ŽITARICE S TOFU PRELJEVOM
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Znanstvenici su sastavili popis slabo poznatih biljaka koje bi se mogle naći na jelovniku do 2050. godine, piše Jutarnji list.
Kako navodi BBC, u budućnosti biste mogli doručkovati lažnu bananu ili grickati voće pandanusa. Jasno, ovu temu je potencirao rat u Ukrajini koji je ukazao na opasnost oslanjanja na nekoliko usjeva kojima se globalno trguje. Naime, čak 90 posto naših kalorija dolazi od 15 usjeva, pa stručnjaci iz Kraljevskog botaničkog vrta u Kewu traže sastojke koji će osigurati budućnost naše prehrane. Pored toga klimatske promjene povećavaju rizik od ozbiljnih "potresa u vezi s hranom" gdje usjevi propadaju, a cijene osnovnih namirnica brzo rastu diljem svijeta.
"Diverzifikacija hrane koju jedemo jedno je od rješenja za ublažavanje gladi, rješavanje problema gubitka biološke raznolikosti i pomoć pri prilagodbi na klimatske promjene. Znamo da diljem svijeta postoje tisuće jestivih biljnih vrsta koje konzumiraju različite populacije i tu možemo pronaći neka od rješenja za ove globalne izazove budućnosti." kaže glavni istraživač na ovom projektu dr. Sam Pirinon. Zanimljiva je činjenica, ističe BBC, da na svijetu ima više od 7000 jestivih biljaka, no tek ih se 417 naširoko uzgaja i koristi za hranu.
A koja je to hrana na koju se po mišljenju stručnjaka u budućnosti možemo osloniti?
* Pandanus
Pandanus (Pandanus tectorius) je malo stablo koje raste u obalnim područjima od otočja Pacifika do Filipina. Listovi se koriste za aromatiziranje slatkih i slanih jela u velikom dijelu jugoistočne Azije, dok se voće nalik ananasu može jesti sirovo ili kuhano.
"Stablo može podnijeti zahtjevne uvjete, uključujući sušu i jake vjetrove. Bilo bi sjajno proširiti naš portfelj namirnica kako bismo uključili hranu koja je kulturološki prikladna, hranjiva i koja se može uzgajati u zahtjevnim uvjetima diljem svijeta. A ova je biljka otporna na klimu i hranjiva koja je i ukusna", ističe istraživačica u Kewu, dr. Marybel Soto Gomez. Ako se pandanus, navodi dr. Gomez, može koristiti održivo, bez iscrpljivanja resursa za lokalno stanovništvo, trebali bismo ga uzgajati više.
* Mahunarke
Grah ili mahunarke, još su jedna "hrana budućnosti". Jeftina je, bogata bjelančevinama i B-vitaminima, a prilagođena je za uzgoj vrlo različitim klimama i okruženjima od oceanskih obala do planinskih padina. U svijetu postoji čak 20 tisuća vrsta mahunarki, ali mi koristimo tek nekolicinu. Smatra se da ih u divljini ima na stotine, no znanstvenicima još nisu poznate Ili su slabo raširene. Morama grah (Tylosema esculentum) primjerice, glavna je namirnica u dijelovima Bocvane, Namibije i Južne Afrike, gdje se grah kuha s kukuruzom ili melje u prah kako bi se napravila kaša ili piće nalik kakau. Nisu sve mahunarke jestive, ali stručnjaci istražuju svojstva različitih vrsta kako bi vidjeli koje bi ljudima ipak mogle pružiti hranjive tvari.
* Divlje žitarice
Žitarice, koje spadaju u porodicu trava, također imaju veliku raznolikost. S više od 10 tisuća vrsta koliko ih postoji na svijetu, nude puno potencijala za hranu budućnosti. Fonio (Digitaria exilis) je hranjiva afrička žitarica koja se koristi za pripremu kus-kusa, kaša i pića. Najviše se koristi u zapadnoj Africi, može podnijeti suhe uvjete, a bogata je željezom, kalcijem i vitaminima.
* Lažna banana
Enset ili "lažna banana" bliski je srodnik banane, a se konzumira samo u jednom dijelu Etiopije. Plod biljke nalik banani je nejestiv, ali škrobne stabljike i korijenje mogu se fermentirati i koristiti za pripremu kaše i kruha. Studije sugeriraju da usjev nalik banani ima potencijal prehraniti više od 100 milijuna ljudi, piše Jutarnji list.
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16. svibanj 2024 06:58
