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[title] => Uz najavu o komercijalnom uzgoju: Koliko je etično uzgajati hobotnice? Dr. Leon Grubišić smatra da postoji granica
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Najava jedne španjolske tvrtke da će iduće godine početi s komercijalnim uzgojem hobotnica, izazvala je diljem svijeta brojne reakcije. Zgrozila je ne samo ekološke aktiviste, nego i mnoge znanstvenike koji su s više od 300 stručnih studija potvrdili da su hobotnice osjećajna bića koja pokazuju emocije – od radosti i uzbuđenja do boli i tuge, zbog čega je komercijalni uzgoj nehuman te ga treba zabraniti. Mnogi stručnjaci za marikulturu tvrde da je uzgoj hobotnica neisplativ zbog velike smrtnosti hobotnica u zarobljeništvu. Zagovornici industrijskog uzgoja, pak, tvrde da je humani industrijski uzgoj hobotnica moguć, te da bi on smanjio lov divljih hobotnica, kojima se broj zabrinjavajuće smanjio. Za mišljenje o svemu tome pitali smo Dr. Leona Grubišića, voditelja Laboratorija za akvakulturu splitskog Instituta za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, koji se bavi i uzgojem te proučavanjem hobotnica.
Izraženi kanibalizam
- Hobotnice imaju dobar faktor konverzije, prirasta u uzgoju. Za prirast mase od jednog kilograma trebaju pojesti 3 do 5 kg prirodne hrane, najčešće odbačenog kočarskog prilova. Unatoč tome, smatram da je industrijski uzgoj hobotnica ne samo neisplativ, nego i nemoguć. Između ostalog i zbog izraženog kanibalizma, koji je posljedica vrlo izražene teritorijalnosti.
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Poznato nam je da u uvjetima zatočeništva dolazi do kanibalizma čak i kada se radi o velikim uzgojnim volumenima, a hrane imaju u izobilju. Agresivne su, napadaju jedna drugu i u relativno kratkom vremenu ostane samo jedna živa, ne nužno i najveća od njih. Stoga smatram da nema mogućnosti intenzivnog uzgoja na farmi. Pored toga, bilo kakav uzgoj podrazumijeva držanje razdvojenih hobotnica različitih spolova kako ne bi došlo do razmnožavanja, jer nakon mrijesta hobotnice se prestaju hraniti, a nakon izvaljenja mladih ženke ugibaju.
Uz sve to, u EU-u postoji zakon kojim je ograničeno istraživanje na glavonošcima. Također, zbog zootehničkih razloga masovni uzgoj je veliki izazov, jer još ne postoje rješenja za mnoge probleme. Zbog svega toga smatram da je etičan i isplativ samo ograničen uzgoj najranijih razvojnih stadija hobotnice radi njihova puštanja u prirodu. Uz održivi izlov, samo tako moguće je ne samo sačuvati hobotnice od istrebljenja nego i povećati njihov izlov.
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Naša preliminarna opažanja upućuju na mogućnost kontroliranog razmnožavanja i puštanja mlađi u prirodu. Stoga je Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo u suradnji s Hrvatskim savezom za športski ribolov na moru pokrenuo istraživanje kojim bi se trebao definirati tehničko–tehnološki model kontroliranog mrijesta i prihrane ranih razvojnih stadija hobotnica, te pronašao najbolji model koji će garantirati uspješnost repopulacije.
- Kako teče istraživanje?
- Za sada prema našim očekivanjima. Počeli smo u proljeće ove godine tako što smo ulovili hobotnice za reprodukciju koje su u travnju i svibnju izlegle jaja iz kojih su, nakon otprilike mjesec dana, izašle paraličinke duge oko 3 mm. One plivaju u stupcu vode, na dno se spuštaju tek nakon potpune preobrazbe (matamorfoze) s oko 40 dana starosti.
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Mi smo im nudili različite vrste žive hrane, ali su napadale i jele samo ličinke žbirca (zoa). To znači, da barem kod nas, najvjerojatnije bez žbiraca i sličnih rakova ne bi bilo ni hobotnica. Zato smo prikupljali ženke žbirca i uzgajali ih. Tako smo uzgojili više stotina tisuća jedinki ličinki hobotnice, te ih sredinom srpnja u našoj lučici pustili u more. Prije puštanja, naši prijatelji sportski ronioci pregledali su podmorje oko Marjana kako bi utvrdili stanje populacije hobotnica. Nažalost, nisu vidjeli ni jednu!
Uzgoji i pusti
- Što dalje?
- Paraličinke više nećemo puštati. Do kraja akcije, odnosno do idućeg ljeta, kad se očekuje njihovo razmnožavanje, pratit ćemo razvoj i prisutnost puštenih. Inače, do faze spolne zrelosti i razmnožavanja u prirodi preživi manje od 1 posto izleženih hobotnica, jer one imaju brojne prirodne neprijatelje. Paraličinke hobotnice jedu čak i ličinke žbirca! To je borba jedan na jedan do smrti, najčešće nastradaju ipak ličinke žbirca. Kako bismo procijenili uspješnost puštanja-repopulacije, potrebni su nam uzorci što više primjeraka. Molimo za pomoć sve rekreativce hobotničare, koji love oko Marjana i uz južnu obalu Čiova gdje će se, pretpostavljamo, naseliti hobotnice koje smo pustili, da nam dostave uzorke ulovljenih hobotnica. Tako bismo roditeljskim testom mogli utvrditi radi li se o potomcima naših matica.
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Uzorkovanje je vrlo jednostavno, dovoljno je odrezati centimetar do centimetar i pol kraja kraka i staviti u kiveticu od 5 mililitara s alkoholom, te nam anonimno dostaviti. Kivetu i alkohol mogu dobiti od nas. Uz to trebaju navesti lokaciju, datum ulova i masu ulova. Za sve dodatne informacije mogu nam se obratiti na telefon broj 408-044 te na mail leon@izor.hr - pojašnjava Dr. Grubišić, pokazujući malu epruvetu s nedavno dostavljenim uzorkom.
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title=Uz najavu o komercijalnom uzgoju: Koliko je etično uzgajati hobotnice? Dr. Leon Grubišić smatra da postoji granica
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Najava jedne španjolske tvrtke da će iduće godine početi s komercijalnim uzgojem hobotnica, izazvala je diljem svijeta brojne reakcije. Zgrozila je ne samo ekološke aktiviste, nego i mnoge znanstvenike koji su s više od 300 stručnih studija potvrdili da su hobotnice osjećajna bića koja pokazuju emocije – od radosti i uzbuđenja do boli i tuge, zbog čega je komercijalni uzgoj nehuman te ga treba zabraniti. Mnogi stručnjaci za marikulturu tvrde da je uzgoj hobotnica neisplativ zbog velike smrtnosti hobotnica u zarobljeništvu. Zagovornici industrijskog uzgoja, pak, tvrde da je humani industrijski uzgoj hobotnica moguć, te da bi on smanjio lov divljih hobotnica, kojima se broj zabrinjavajuće smanjio. Za mišljenje o svemu tome pitali smo Dr. Leona Grubišića, voditelja Laboratorija za akvakulturu splitskog Instituta za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, koji se bavi i uzgojem te proučavanjem hobotnica.
Izraženi kanibalizam
- Hobotnice imaju dobar faktor konverzije, prirasta u uzgoju. Za prirast mase od jednog kilograma trebaju pojesti 3 do 5 kg prirodne hrane, najčešće odbačenog kočarskog prilova. Unatoč tome, smatram da je industrijski uzgoj hobotnica ne samo neisplativ, nego i nemoguć. Između ostalog i zbog izraženog kanibalizma, koji je posljedica vrlo izražene teritorijalnosti.
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Poznato nam je da u uvjetima zatočeništva dolazi do kanibalizma čak i kada se radi o velikim uzgojnim volumenima, a hrane imaju u izobilju. Agresivne su, napadaju jedna drugu i u relativno kratkom vremenu ostane samo jedna živa, ne nužno i najveća od njih. Stoga smatram da nema mogućnosti intenzivnog uzgoja na farmi. Pored toga, bilo kakav uzgoj podrazumijeva držanje razdvojenih hobotnica različitih spolova kako ne bi došlo do razmnožavanja, jer nakon mrijesta hobotnice se prestaju hraniti, a nakon izvaljenja mladih ženke ugibaju.
Uz sve to, u EU-u postoji zakon kojim je ograničeno istraživanje na glavonošcima. Također, zbog zootehničkih razloga masovni uzgoj je veliki izazov, jer još ne postoje rješenja za mnoge probleme. Zbog svega toga smatram da je etičan i isplativ samo ograničen uzgoj najranijih razvojnih stadija hobotnice radi njihova puštanja u prirodu. Uz održivi izlov, samo tako moguće je ne samo sačuvati hobotnice od istrebljenja nego i povećati njihov izlov.
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Naša preliminarna opažanja upućuju na mogućnost kontroliranog razmnožavanja i puštanja mlađi u prirodu. Stoga je Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo u suradnji s Hrvatskim savezom za športski ribolov na moru pokrenuo istraživanje kojim bi se trebao definirati tehničko–tehnološki model kontroliranog mrijesta i prihrane ranih razvojnih stadija hobotnica, te pronašao najbolji model koji će garantirati uspješnost repopulacije.
- Kako teče istraživanje?
- Za sada prema našim očekivanjima. Počeli smo u proljeće ove godine tako što smo ulovili hobotnice za reprodukciju koje su u travnju i svibnju izlegle jaja iz kojih su, nakon otprilike mjesec dana, izašle paraličinke duge oko 3 mm. One plivaju u stupcu vode, na dno se spuštaju tek nakon potpune preobrazbe (matamorfoze) s oko 40 dana starosti.
---
---
Mi smo im nudili različite vrste žive hrane, ali su napadale i jele samo ličinke žbirca (zoa). To znači, da barem kod nas, najvjerojatnije bez žbiraca i sličnih rakova ne bi bilo ni hobotnica. Zato smo prikupljali ženke žbirca i uzgajali ih. Tako smo uzgojili više stotina tisuća jedinki ličinki hobotnice, te ih sredinom srpnja u našoj lučici pustili u more. Prije puštanja, naši prijatelji sportski ronioci pregledali su podmorje oko Marjana kako bi utvrdili stanje populacije hobotnica. Nažalost, nisu vidjeli ni jednu!
Uzgoji i pusti
- Što dalje?
- Paraličinke više nećemo puštati. Do kraja akcije, odnosno do idućeg ljeta, kad se očekuje njihovo razmnožavanje, pratit ćemo razvoj i prisutnost puštenih. Inače, do faze spolne zrelosti i razmnožavanja u prirodi preživi manje od 1 posto izleženih hobotnica, jer one imaju brojne prirodne neprijatelje. Paraličinke hobotnice jedu čak i ličinke žbirca! To je borba jedan na jedan do smrti, najčešće nastradaju ipak ličinke žbirca. Kako bismo procijenili uspješnost puštanja-repopulacije, potrebni su nam uzorci što više primjeraka. Molimo za pomoć sve rekreativce hobotničare, koji love oko Marjana i uz južnu obalu Čiova gdje će se, pretpostavljamo, naseliti hobotnice koje smo pustili, da nam dostave uzorke ulovljenih hobotnica. Tako bismo roditeljskim testom mogli utvrditi radi li se o potomcima naših matica.
---
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Uzorkovanje je vrlo jednostavno, dovoljno je odrezati centimetar do centimetar i pol kraja kraka i staviti u kiveticu od 5 mililitara s alkoholom, te nam anonimno dostaviti. Kivetu i alkohol mogu dobiti od nas. Uz to trebaju navesti lokaciju, datum ulova i masu ulova. Za sve dodatne informacije mogu nam se obratiti na telefon broj 408-044 te na mail leon@izor.hr - pojašnjava Dr. Grubišić, pokazujući malu epruvetu s nedavno dostavljenim uzorkom.
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[6] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 64
[name] => Promo
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 7
[alias] => promo
)
[8] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 67
[name] => Contains video
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 9
[alias] => contains_video
)
[9] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 68
[name] => Premium content
[value] => ON
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 10
[alias] => premium_content
)
[10] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 69
[name] => Exclude comments
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 11
[alias] => exclude_comments
)
[11] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 70
[name] => Open link in new window
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 12
[alias] => open_link_in_new_window
)
[12] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 71
[name] => Horizontal crop of the main photo
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 13
[alias] => horizontal_crop_of_the_main_photo
)
[13] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 73
[name] => No-index
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 15
[alias] => no_index
)
[14] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 74
[name] => No-cache
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 16
[alias] => no_cache
)
[15] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 77
[name] => Don't show on the front page
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 17
[alias] => dont_show_on_the_front_page
)
[16] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 78
[name] => Related on bottom
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 18
[alias] => related_on_bottom
)
[17] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 79
[name] => Live button
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 19
[alias] => live_button
)
[26] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 87
[name] => Instant articles
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 28
[alias] => instant_articles
)
[27] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 91
[name] => S preporučuje
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 29
[alias] => s_preporucuje
)
[28] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 92
[name] => S voli
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 30
[alias] => s_voli
)
[29] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 93
[name] => Layout with three photos
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 31
[alias] => layout_with_three_photos
)
[30] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 94
[name] => Gallery in the article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 32
[alias] => gallery_in_the_article
)
[31] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 95
[name] => Required views
[value] => 0
[type] => textfield
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 33
[alias] => required_views
)
[32] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 96
[name] => FullHD image
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 34
[alias] => fullhd_image
)
[33] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 97
[name] => City Select
[value] => (0)
[type] => select
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 35
[alias] => CitySelect
)
[34] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 98
[name] => Paid Article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 36
[alias] => paid_article
)
)
18. svibanj 2024 21:10
