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[title] => Morski konjic - umiljati i ugroženi predator: najnovije istraživanje pokazalo je neobičnu sličnost ove ugrožene životinje s ljudskom vrstom
[alias] => morski-konjic-umiljati-i-ugrozeni-predator-najnovije-istrazivanje-pokazalo-je-neobicnu-slicnost-ove-ugrozene-zivotinje-s-ljudskom-vrstom
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Rastu u očevu trbuhu, loši su plivači i svako im oko gleda zasebno. Morski konjici, predatori umiljata izgleda, pokazatelji su zdravog okoliša kojih je u Jadranu sve manje.
Može ga se uočiti već na nekoliko metara od plivačke zone, često repom ovijenim oko morskog bilja kako ga ne bi odnijele struje. Loš je plivač pa se od napadača brani mimikrijom.
Ovi kameleoni podvodnog svijeta plivaju pomoću male leđne peraje i upravo tada ih je najlakše zamijetiti, kaže Bruno Ačkar, magistar zaštite okoliša i instruktor ronjenja.
„Nalazimo ih u blizini morskih struja koje im osiguravaju dovoljnu količinu planktona. Hrana su im i sitne ribe, račići te ličinke, a kako nemaju razvijen probavni sustav moraju stalno jesti“, opisuje.
Kada im je obrok dostupan, hitro ga zgrabe ili s udaljenosti od tri centimetra usišu. Kretanje plijena prate tako što pomiču jedno oko neovisno o drugome pa ne odaju svoju nazočnost.
To je jedina životinja kod koje mužjak nosi i održava mrijest nakon što ženka položi jajašca u njegov tobolac. Novo istraživanje otkrilo je da se bebe morskih konjica razvijaju u trbušnoj vrećici nalik ljudskoj posteljici.
Ugrožena vrsta
Morski konjic zaštićena je vrsta prema Washingtonskoj konvenciji iz 1975. Diljem svijeta ih hvataju za akvarije, trofeje, ali i u religijske pa čak i prehrambene svrhe.
U Sredozemlju je izložen zamjetnom smanjenju brojnosti što bi mu moglo ugroziti opstanak, navodi se u dokumentu Međunarodne udruge za očuvanje prirode (IUCN).
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Broj im se smanjuje zbog devastacije staništa i ljudskog djelovanja poput koćarenja ili jaružanja morskog dna.
„Povlačna ribolovna oprema izuzetno je štetna za morske ekosustave i život na dnu“, tvrdi Ačkar.
Vedran Dorušić, predsjednik Zajednice ronilačkog turizma HGK, nadovezuje da se neki ribolovni alati smatraju tradicionalnima, a zapravo to nisu.
„Nešto što se prije radilo rukama, a danas hidraulikom, ne može se svrstati pod tradicionalno. Strojevi mogu raditi bez prestanka“, upozorava.
Svjetska organizacija za zaštitu prirode (WWF) nedavno je pozvala na ukidanje velikih poreznih olakšica na gorivo za ribolovne alate u aktivnostima koje odudaraju od ciljeva postavljenih u strategiji EU-a o biološkoj raznolikosti kojom se želi zaštititi najmanje 30% kopna i mora u EU.
Rezolucijom Europskog parlamenta iz 2017. o ulozi turizma povezanog s ribarstvom, ribolov se nastoji učiniti održivijim i mora zdravijima, a sektor uključiti u alternativne aktivnosti kao što je ekološki turizam.
Provedba je, međutim, diskutabilna.
Dorušić i Ačkar pokrenuli su projekt ‘Seahorse story’ kako bi popularizirali jadranske morske konjice, poglavito na otoku Pagu. Ideja je došla od turista koji se uvijek oduševe kada ih ugledaju prilikom zarona.
Plan je na plaže postaviti informativne ploče da kupači znaju da ih tu ima, da su zaštićeni i da ih ne treba dirati, a u postupku je i izrada edukativne knjižice.
„Oni bi mogli općenito biti poticaj na zaštitu morskog okoliša jer će ljudi radije čuvati konjica nego morsku travu“, kažu Dorušić i Ačkar.
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Dugokljunić i kratkokljunić
Europski parlament u srpnju je iz proračuna EU-a odobrio 6,1 milijardi eura za razvoj održivog plavog gospodarstva i očuvanje ribarskih zajednica za razdoblje 2021.- 2027.
Cilj Europskog fonda za pomorstvo, ribarstvo i akvakulturu (EMFAF) potaknuti je države članice na stvaranje održivijeg ribolova i akvakulture te tako zaštititi i obnoviti morsku bioraznolikost.
Uzimajući u obzir ciljeve Zelenog plana, eurozastupnici su se složili da je 30 posto sredstava fonda potrebno namijeniti za borbu protiv klimatskih promjena.
“Viša temperatura mora podrazumijeva više algi koje odumiranjem na dnu stvaraju naslage. Bakterije ih razlažu pa dolazi do stanja anoksije – nedostatka kisika. Ako se to dogodi na području prebivanja morskog konjica, cijela populacija nestaje”.
Morski konjic, osim što predstavlja jednu od najdražesnijih životinjica podmorskog svijeta, pokazatelj je i zdravog okoliša te još jedan bitan čimbenik za održavanje ravnoteže ekosustava u kojem obitava.
U Jadranu žive dvije vrste, dugokljunić i kratkokljunić.
„Zadržavaju se u priobalnom pojasu i preferiraju pjeskovito kamenita dna obrasla livadama morske trave i algama. Viđamo ih na dubinama od 1 do 15 metara“, kaže Ačkar.
Zbog rastućih prijetnji, obje vrste su zaštićene Konvencijom o međunarodnoj trgovini ugroženim vrstama divlje flore i faune (CITES) te su uključene u dokument o zaštiti prirode EU-a. Štite ih i hrvatski zakoni.
Ukoliko ih uočite, nipošto ih ne vadite iz mora jer tom prilikom udahnu zrak koji ne mogu izbaciti.
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Rastu u očevu trbuhu, loši su plivači i svako im oko gleda zasebno. Morski konjici, predatori umiljata izgleda, pokazatelji su zdravog okoliša kojih je u Jadranu sve manje.
Može ga se uočiti već na nekoliko metara od plivačke zone, često repom ovijenim oko morskog bilja kako ga ne bi odnijele struje. Loš je plivač pa se od napadača brani mimikrijom.
Ovi kameleoni podvodnog svijeta plivaju pomoću male leđne peraje i upravo tada ih je najlakše zamijetiti, kaže Bruno Ačkar, magistar zaštite okoliša i instruktor ronjenja.
„Nalazimo ih u blizini morskih struja koje im osiguravaju dovoljnu količinu planktona. Hrana su im i sitne ribe, račići te ličinke, a kako nemaju razvijen probavni sustav moraju stalno jesti“, opisuje.
Kada im je obrok dostupan, hitro ga zgrabe ili s udaljenosti od tri centimetra usišu. Kretanje plijena prate tako što pomiču jedno oko neovisno o drugome pa ne odaju svoju nazočnost.
To je jedina životinja kod koje mužjak nosi i održava mrijest nakon što ženka položi jajašca u njegov tobolac. Novo istraživanje otkrilo je da se bebe morskih konjica razvijaju u trbušnoj vrećici nalik ljudskoj posteljici.
Ugrožena vrsta
Morski konjic zaštićena je vrsta prema Washingtonskoj konvenciji iz 1975. Diljem svijeta ih hvataju za akvarije, trofeje, ali i u religijske pa čak i prehrambene svrhe.
U Sredozemlju je izložen zamjetnom smanjenju brojnosti što bi mu moglo ugroziti opstanak, navodi se u dokumentu Međunarodne udruge za očuvanje prirode (IUCN).
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Broj im se smanjuje zbog devastacije staništa i ljudskog djelovanja poput koćarenja ili jaružanja morskog dna.
„Povlačna ribolovna oprema izuzetno je štetna za morske ekosustave i život na dnu“, tvrdi Ačkar.
Vedran Dorušić, predsjednik Zajednice ronilačkog turizma HGK, nadovezuje da se neki ribolovni alati smatraju tradicionalnima, a zapravo to nisu.
„Nešto što se prije radilo rukama, a danas hidraulikom, ne može se svrstati pod tradicionalno. Strojevi mogu raditi bez prestanka“, upozorava.
Svjetska organizacija za zaštitu prirode (WWF) nedavno je pozvala na ukidanje velikih poreznih olakšica na gorivo za ribolovne alate u aktivnostima koje odudaraju od ciljeva postavljenih u strategiji EU-a o biološkoj raznolikosti kojom se želi zaštititi najmanje 30% kopna i mora u EU.
Rezolucijom Europskog parlamenta iz 2017. o ulozi turizma povezanog s ribarstvom, ribolov se nastoji učiniti održivijim i mora zdravijima, a sektor uključiti u alternativne aktivnosti kao što je ekološki turizam.
Provedba je, međutim, diskutabilna.
Dorušić i Ačkar pokrenuli su projekt ‘Seahorse story’ kako bi popularizirali jadranske morske konjice, poglavito na otoku Pagu. Ideja je došla od turista koji se uvijek oduševe kada ih ugledaju prilikom zarona.
Plan je na plaže postaviti informativne ploče da kupači znaju da ih tu ima, da su zaštićeni i da ih ne treba dirati, a u postupku je i izrada edukativne knjižice.
„Oni bi mogli općenito biti poticaj na zaštitu morskog okoliša jer će ljudi radije čuvati konjica nego morsku travu“, kažu Dorušić i Ačkar.
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Dugokljunić i kratkokljunić
Europski parlament u srpnju je iz proračuna EU-a odobrio 6,1 milijardi eura za razvoj održivog plavog gospodarstva i očuvanje ribarskih zajednica za razdoblje 2021.- 2027.
Cilj Europskog fonda za pomorstvo, ribarstvo i akvakulturu (EMFAF) potaknuti je države članice na stvaranje održivijeg ribolova i akvakulture te tako zaštititi i obnoviti morsku bioraznolikost.
Uzimajući u obzir ciljeve Zelenog plana, eurozastupnici su se složili da je 30 posto sredstava fonda potrebno namijeniti za borbu protiv klimatskih promjena.
“Viša temperatura mora podrazumijeva više algi koje odumiranjem na dnu stvaraju naslage. Bakterije ih razlažu pa dolazi do stanja anoksije – nedostatka kisika. Ako se to dogodi na području prebivanja morskog konjica, cijela populacija nestaje”.
Morski konjic, osim što predstavlja jednu od najdražesnijih životinjica podmorskog svijeta, pokazatelj je i zdravog okoliša te još jedan bitan čimbenik za održavanje ravnoteže ekosustava u kojem obitava.
U Jadranu žive dvije vrste, dugokljunić i kratkokljunić.
„Zadržavaju se u priobalnom pojasu i preferiraju pjeskovito kamenita dna obrasla livadama morske trave i algama. Viđamo ih na dubinama od 1 do 15 metara“, kaže Ačkar.
Zbog rastućih prijetnji, obje vrste su zaštićene Konvencijom o međunarodnoj trgovini ugroženim vrstama divlje flore i faune (CITES) te su uključene u dokument o zaštiti prirode EU-a. Štite ih i hrvatski zakoni.
Ukoliko ih uočite, nipošto ih ne vadite iz mora jer tom prilikom udahnu zrak koji ne mogu izbaciti.
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[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 36
[alias] => paid_article
)
)
15. svibanj 2024 14:11
